Knee replacement surgery is a common and effective procedure that helps people with severe arthritis or joint damage regain mobility and live without pain. Most knee replacements last for many years, but sometimes, a second surgery, called revision knee replacement surgery, is needed.
In this blog, we’ll explain what revision knee replacement surgery is, why it might be necessary, and what patients can expect.
Revision Knee Replacement Surgery
Revision knee replacement surgery is a procedure to replace a previously implanted artificial knee joint that has worn out, become loose, or developed complications.
Unlike the first (primary) knee replacement, revision surgery is more complex because it involves removing the old implant, repairing any bone or tissue damage, and replacing it with a new, more durable prosthesis.
Why Would Someone Need Revision Knee Replacement Surgery?
While knee replacements are designed to last 15-20 years or longer, certain issues may require a revision. Here are the most common reasons:
Implant Wear and Tear
Over time, the artificial knee joint can wear down, especially in active individuals. Plastic components may thin out, and metal parts can loosen, causing pain and instability.
Loosening of the Implant
The bond between the implant and bone can weaken, making the knee feel unstable. This can happen due to normal use, infection, or bone loss.
Infection
If bacteria enter the artificial joint, it can lead to a serious infection. Sometimes, antibiotics are effective; however, if the infection remains, revision surgery may be necessary to remove and replace the infected implant.
Fracture Around the Implant
A fall or injury can damage the bone around the knee replacement, making the implant unstable. A revision may be necessary to fix the bone and secure a new implant.
Stiffness or Instability
If scar tissue forms excessively or the ligaments around the knee weaken, the joint may not move smoothly. A revision can help restore better motion and support.
What Happens During Revision Knee Replacement Surgery?
Revision surgery is more involved than the initial knee replacement. Here’s a general idea of what happens:
- Removal of the Old Implant: The surgeon carefully takes out the original prosthesis, sometimes needing to remove small amounts of bone or cement.
- Bone Grafting or Reconstruction: If bone loss has occurred, the surgeon may use bone grafts or special metal pieces to rebuild the joint structure.
- Placement of the New Implant: A new, often more robust implant is secured in place. Some revision implants have longer stems or special coatings for better stability.
- Closing the Incision: The wound is closed, and the patient is moved to recovery.
Recovery from revision surgery might take longer than recovery from the initial replacement, sometimes several months. Physical therapy is important for regaining strength and flexibility.
How to Know If You Need a Revision Knee Replacement?
Patients with a knee replacement who experience any of the following should see their doctor:
- Constant pain that wasn’t even there before
- Swelling, warmth, or redness around the knee
- Difficulty walking or a feeling that the knee is giving way
- Decreased range of motion or stiffness that doesn’t improve
An X-ray, blood tests, or joint fluid analysis can help determine if a revision is necessary.
On a Final Note
Revision knee replacement surgery is an option for patients whose initial knee replacement has developed complications. While not as common as primary replacements, it can restore comfort and function when done appropriately.
For more information, please schedule a visit with renowned hip and knee replacement surgeon, Ugo Ihekweazu, MD. Dr. Ihekweazu is an expert in state-of-the-art, technology aided hip and knee replacement surgery. Call us at 713-799-2300 to secure an appointment.